Reverse Mortgage Information

Here is sensible advice for seniors looking into reverse mortgages.  FHA is your best bet when it comes to reverse mortgages.  HECM is the acronym for the FHA Reverse Mortgage.  It stands for Home Equity Conversion Mortgage.  HUD Approved counseling must be obtained by seniors  prior to applying for a reverse mortgage. Family members and trusted advisor are encouraged to attend the counseling session as well.

As far as the costs go, there is some good news at this particular time for seniors - many lenders are waiving the origination fee and servicing fees on the fixed rate reverse, some are even waiving them on the Adjustable rate reverse as well!  This is great news for seniors who have been waiting for costs to come down!

FDIC Consumer News

Spring 2010

Advice for Seniors: Understand the Risks and Costs of Borrowing With a Reverse Mortgage

A reverse mortgage is essentially a loan against your home that you do not have to pay back for as long as you live there. It allows homeowners age 62 or older to borrow cash from the equity in their homes without having to make monthly payments. A reverse mortgage is often advertised as a great source of easy money for older homeowners to supplement their income, pay healthcare expenses or use the money as they please. But as FDIC Consumer News has reported in the past, while there are potential benefits to a reverse mortgage, it may not be the best option for everyone. With the number of potential borrowers growing with the aging population, it's important that homeowners fully understand the risks involved. Here are our latest tips.

Remember that a reverse mortgage is a loan that must be repaid. "Not all advertisements clearly indicate that a reverse mortgage is a loan," said Mira Marshall, an FDIC Section Chief specializing in consumer issues. "In fact, a reverse mortgage is a very complicated loan that uses home equity as collateral, just like the mortgage you probably used to purchase your home."

Reverse mortgages allow homeowners to receive cash in a lump sum, through monthly payments, as a line of credit whenever they need money, or any combination of these options. Unlike traditional mortgage products, homeowners do not make any monthly payments to the lender. However, they eventually do have to repay the principal and interest when they move, sell the house or pass away. And, because no monthly payments are being made, the amount owed will grow over time as interest costs build up and, in some cases, as additional funds are advanced.

The borrower also is still responsible for paying the property taxes and insurance and maintaining the house. Failure to do so can cause the reverse mortgage to become immediately due and payable in full.

The rules to determine how much you can borrow through a reverse mortgage are complex. For example, the total amount of cash available is a percentage of the home's value that will vary by the age of the borrower and the location of the property. And if there's a co-borrower, the value is determined by the age of the youngest borrower.

Let's say your house has a market value of $250,000, you owe nothing on a mortgage and the youngest co-owner is 70 years old. Even though your home equity is about $250,000, with a reverse mortgage and depending on the location of the property, you can borrow only up to approximately $130,000. In contrast, with a traditional home equity loan, it may be possible to borrow up to 100 percent of the value of the home.

Be aware that not all reverse mortgages carry insurance and other protections from the federal government. The most common type of reverse mortgage - the Home Equity Conversion Mortgage or HECM - is offered as part of a program from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's Federal Housing Administration. The FHA has protections for the lender as well as the borrower. In the case of the latter, for example, if the borrower or heirs sell the home to repay the reverse mortgage (instead of keeping the house and repaying the loan otherwise), the total debt will never be greater than the value of the home.

However, there are several types of reverse mortgages that are not FHA-insured. These are mostly reverse mortgages developed and offered by private companies, nonprofit organizations, and state and local governments. They may not offer the same guarantees and protections as an FHA-insured HECM.

Understand the costs and fees, which can be significant. Most reverse mortgages have an origination fee, closing costs and periodic servicing fees. There also is an additional monthly insurance premium for an FHA-insured reverse mortgage. The total amount of fees will depend on the loan product. And while the costs and fees can be added to the reverse mortgage instead of being paid up front, doing so increases the loan balance and incurs interest charges.

Borrowers also should keep in mind that the more cash they take out and the longer they go without making loan payments, the interest charges and other costs can use up much or all of the equity, leaving fewer and fewer assets for the borrower or heirs. And if you or your heirs want to keep the house instead of selling it, the full loan amount would be due and payable from your own funds, even if it's more than the value of the property.

"Because the costs and fees can be extremely high," said Mike Evans, an FDIC Fair Lending Specialist, "most experts generally advise homeowners not to take out a reverse mortgage if they plan to stay in their home less than five years or if they simply need extra money for small expenses."

Do your research and shop around before committing to a reverse mortgage. To understand the potential pros and cons of a reverse mortgage, talk to financial advisors and qualified housing counselors. Depending on your circumstances, there may be other, less expensive options available to you. Explore different kinds of loans (including a mortgage refinancing, a home equity loan and a home improvement loan) and programs from local government agencies or nonprofit organizations. In some cases, it may even make financial sense to sell your home and downsize to a less expensive home or even a rental.

If you decide that borrowing money is the way to go, contact several lenders and compare the costs and benefits of the options they offer.

"Most financial experts also agree that it is never a good idea to use the funds from a reverse mortgage to purchase other financial products or services," added David Lafleur, an FDIC Senior Examination Specialist. "Not only will you immediately incur expensive interest charges and other fees in connection with the reverse mortgage, but having large deposits or annuities may make it tougher for you to qualify for certain entitlement programs that take assets into consideration, such as Medicaid. Also, if you tie up money in CDs or annuities, you will be giving up easy access to funds you may need to meet your expenses."

Additional information and guidance on reverse mortgages is available from HUD at www.hud.gov/offices/hsg/sfh/hecm/rmtopten.cfm or by calling 1-800-569-4287.

Note: To receive an FHA-insured reverse mortgage, you must first speak with a HUD-approved counselor, who can provide you with information on this product and other alternatives so you can determine what is suitable for you.

Summary:
The Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM) program enables older homeowners to withdraw some of the equity in their home in the form of monthly payments for life or a fixed term, or in a lump sum, or through a line of credit.

In addition, the HECM mortgage can be used to purchase a primary home when the borrower is 62 years of age or older and is able to use cash in hand to pay the difference between the reverse mortgage and the sales price plus closing costs for the property.

Purpose:
To be eligible for a HECM mortgage, current homeowners must be 62 years of age or older, own their home outright or have a low mortgage balance that can be paid off at closing with proceeds from the reverse mortgage. The home must be their principal residence. In addition, the HECM can be used to purchase a primary home if the borrower is able to use cash in hand to pay the difference between the HECM and the sales price and closing costs for the property.

The program requires that borrowers either receive free or low cost reverse mortgage housing counseling from a HUD approved reverse mortgage counseling agency before applying for a reverse mortgage. FHA insures HECM loans to protect lenders against loss if amounts withdrawn exceed equity when the property is sold.

Type of Assistance:
HECM can be used by homeowners who are 62 years of age and older. The total income that an owner can receive through HECM is the maximum claim amount, which is calculated with a formula including the age of the owner(s), the interest rate, and the value of the home.

Borrowers may choose one of five payment options: (1) tenure, which gives the borrower a monthly payment from the lender for as long as the borrower lives and continues to occupy the home as a principal residence; (2) term, which gives the borrower monthly payments for a fixed period selected by the borrower; (3) line of credit, which allows the borrower to make withdrawals up to a maximum amount, at times and in amounts of the borrower's choosing; (4) modified tenure, which combines the tenure option with a line of credit; and (5) modified term, which combines the term option with a line of credit.

The borrower remains the owner of the home and may sell it and move at any time, keeping the sales proceeds that exceed the mortgage balance. A borrower cannot be forced to sell the home to pay off the mortgage, even if the mortgage balance grows to exceed the value of the property. A HECM loan need not be repaid until the borrower moves, sells, or dies. When the loan must be paid, if it exceeds the value of the property, the borrower (or the heirs) will owe no more than the value of the property, if they sell the property to repay the loan.

Two mortgage insurance premiums are collected to pay for HECM: an upfront premium (2 percent of the home's value), and a monthly premium (which equals 0.5 percent per year of the mortgage balance).

A lender can charge an origination fee up to $2,500 if the home's appraised value is less than $125,000. If the home is valued at more than $125,000, lenders can charge 2% of the first $200,000 of the home's value plus 1% of the amount over $200,000. HECM origination fees are capped at $6,000.

All HECM borrowers are required to complete reverse mortgage counseling through a HUD approved housing counseling agency.

Eligible Customers:
To be eligible for HECM, a homeowner must (1) be 62 years of age or older, (2) have a low outstanding mortgage balance or own their home free and clear, and (3) have received HUD approved reverse mortgage counseling to learn about the program.

An eligible property must be a principal residence, but it can be a single family residence, a one to four -unit building with one unit occupied by the borrower, a manufactured home, a unit in an FHA approved condominium, or a unit in a planned unit development. The property must meet FHA standards, but the owner can pay for repairs using the reverse mortgage. 

Application:
Borrowers who meet the eligibility criteria above can apply through an FHA HECM approved lending institution. Borrowers can locate FHA approved lenders through HUD's searchable listing.

Technical Guidance:
This program is authorized by the Housing and Community Development Act of 1987, Section 417, Public Law 100-242 (12 U.S.C. 1715z-20). Program regulations are in 24 CFR 200 and 206.

For More Information:
Homeowners who want to learn more about this program should call HUD's toll-free housing counseling information line, (800) 569-4287 or see the searchable list of HUD approved reverse mortgage housing counseling agencies.

Additional information is available from AARP's Home Equity Conversion Information Center (202) 434-6044.

Top Ten Things to Know if You're Interested in a Reverse Mortgage

From Untitled Album

Reverse mortgages are becoming popular in America. HUD's Federal Housing Administration (FHA) created one of the first. The Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM) is FHA's reverse mortgage program which enables you to withdraw some of the equity in your home. The HECM is a safe plan that can give older Americans greater financial security. Many seniors use it to supplement social security, meet unexpected medical expenses, make home improvements and more. You can receive additional free information about reverse mortgages in general by contacting the National Council on Aging at (800) 510-0301 or downloading a free booklet, "Use Your Home to Stay at Home," a guide for older homeowners who need help now. Since your home is probably your largest single investment, it's smart to know more about reverse mortgages, and decide if one is right for you!

1. What is a reverse mortgage?

A reverse mortgage is a special type of home loan that lets you convert a portion of the equity in your home into cash. The equity that built up over years of home mortgage payments can be paid to you. But unlike a traditional home equity loan or second mortgage, no repayment is required until the borrower(s) no longer use the home as their principal residence. FHA's HECM provides these benefits. You can also use a HECM to purchase a primary residence if you are able to use cash on hand to pay the difference between the HECM proceeds and the sales price plus closing costs for the property you are purchasing.

2. Can I qualify for FHA's HECM reverse mortgage?

To be eligible for a FHA HECM, the FHA requires that you be a homeowner 62 years of age or older, own your home outright, or have a low mortgage balance that can be paid off at closing with proceeds from the reverse loan, and you must live in the home. You are also required to receive consumer information free or at very low cost from a HECM counselor prior to obtaining the loan. You can find a HECM counselor online or by phoning (800) 569-4287.

3. Can I apply if I didn't buy my present house with FHA mortgage insurance?

Yes. It doesn't matter if you didn't buy it with an FHA-insured mortgage. Your new FHA HECM will be FHA-insured.

4. What types of homes are eligible?

To be eligible for the FHA HECM, your home must be a single family home or a 1-4 unit home with one unit occupied by the borrower. HUD-approved condominiums and manufactured homes that meet FHA requirements are also eligible.

  5.  What's the difference between a reverse mortgage and a bank home equity loan?

Working exclusively with senior homeowners is such a rewarding and varied experience!

I took a reverse mortgage loan application from a young senior couple (only in their 70's) who are raising their 9 year old grandchild.   Parenting a 3^rd grader on a fixed income of just Social Security isn't easy!  But they wouldn't have it any other way.  "It keeps us young!"

 Today, another "unexpected" expense!  The car broke down and had to be taken to the mechanic.  They told me that just knowing their reverse mortgage is in process, made dealing with the car repairs easy.   They are so excited to have the "breathing room" that this FHA loan will provide.   They are looking forward to the flexibility it will provide them as they raise another child.   I swear they look younger!

From Untitled Album My newlywed clients (70 something), married just 3 years, closed their reverse mortgage yesterday.  They have put on a new 30 year roof, paid off a mortgage that had a balloon payment coming due in a couple of years (they were losing sleep over that one!)   What are their big plans?   The financial relief of no balloon, combined with monthly reverse payments coming in for the rest of their lives (as long as they live in the home) mean they can afford to travel twice a year on trips they only talked about. Mr. and Mrs. W immigrated to the United States many years ago and raised their family.  Their children are successful, hardworking and all own their own homes.  After putting all the kids through school, helping with grandkids and saving, saving, saving.  They are now ready to buy their first home.  With a reverse mortgage for purchase of $270,000 and their savings of $180,000.00 as a down payment, they are purchasing their first home right here in Riverside County.  No monthly mortgage payments and bye bye tiny apartment. Another fun, fulfilling week in the reverse mortgage business!